DayTraders and TakeProfitTrader compared across twelve categories ranging from pricing and drawdown mechanics to profit split, payout speed, platform coverage, and trust signals. DayTraders offers a 100% profit split, four product lines, and lower entry pricing. TakeProfitTrader brings an 80/20 split, simple rules, broad platform coverage, a 4.6 of 5 Trustpilot rating, and five years of proven payouts.
DayTraders and TakeProfitTrader sit at opposite ends of the US futures prop spectrum. DayTraders is the newer, four product, 100% split contender. TakeProfitTrader is the simpler, 80/20, five year veteran with thousands of Trustpilot reviews behind it.
This breakdown compares both firms across pricing, drawdown mechanics, profit split, payout cadence, platform coverage, account variety, rules complexity, and reputation. The goal is to pick the right firm for your style, not to crown a single winner.
Firm Snapshots
DayTraders at a glance
- Launched February 2023 in the US futures prop segment.
- Four product lines: Pro, S2F, S2L, plus Static evaluation variants.
- Account sizes span 25K through 300K simulated funding.
- Headline profit split 100% on Pro and S2F, 80% on S2L.
- Average payout approval reported around 32 minutes.
TakeProfitTrader at a glance
- Operating since 2020 with a five year payout track record.
- Two main product families: PRO and PRO+.
- Account sizes from 25K through 150K simulated funding.
- Uniform 80/20 profit split across the lineup.
- Trustpilot score of 4.6 from more than 2,500 reviews.
Full Comparison Table
| Category | DayTraders | TakeProfitTrader | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lowest Entry Cost | $30 (Static 25K on sale) | ~$150 (PRO 25K) | ๐ DayTraders |
| Drawdown Type | Intraday trailing (Trail), Static, EOD (S2F) | EOD trailing on all accounts | ๐ TakeProfitTrader |
| Profit Split | 100% (Pro/S2F), 80% (S2L) | 80/20 on all accounts | ๐ DayTraders |
| Profit Target (50K) | $2,500 (Trail), $3,500 (Static) | $3,000 (PRO 50K) | ๐ DayTraders |
| Payout Speed | 32 min avg approval, 24-48h delivery | 1-3 business days, highly reliable | ๐ DayTraders |
| Platform Options | ONYX, Rithmic-connected (NinjaTrader limited on S2L) | NinjaTrader, Tradovate, Rithmic, all accounts | ๐ TakeProfitTrader |
| Account Variety | 4 product lines, $25K-$300K | PRO and PRO+ accounts, $25K-$150K | ๐ DayTraders |
| Max Funding | $300K (single account) | $150K (single account) | ๐ DayTraders |
| Consistency Rule | 50% (eval), 30% (Pro), 20% (S2F) | None on most accounts | ๐ TakeProfitTrader |
| Rules Simplicity | 4 product lines, each with different rules | Simple, consistent rules across accounts | ๐ TakeProfitTrader |
| Copy Trading | Not confirmed | Virtual copy trading allowed | ๐ TakeProfitTrader |
| Trust / Track Record | 4.5/5 Trustpilot (~340 reviews), Feb 2023 | 4.6/5 Trustpilot (2,500+ reviews), since 2020 | ๐ TakeProfitTrader |
The split decision is rarely about a single category. DayTraders wins on price, profit split, and account variety. TakeProfitTrader wins on simplicity, reliability, and platform coverage. Below we unpack each category.
Lowest Entry Cost
DayTraders publishes promo pricing as low as 30 USD for a 25K Static evaluation. TakeProfitTrader keeps its PRO 25K closer to 150 USD at retail. The five times price gap is not random. DayTraders sells more product lines and rotates promotions aggressively, while TakeProfitTrader leans on a stable price point that does not bait and switch.
Who wins on cost
If you want to test cheaply, DayTraders is the lower spend. If you want a single transparent price you can budget around for a year, TakeProfitTrader's stability has its own value.
Drawdown Mechanics
This is where the two firms split philosophically. DayTraders uses intraday trailing on the Trail line, fixed Static on the Static line, and EOD trailing on S2F. TakeProfitTrader uses EOD trailing across every account.
| Account | DayTraders | TakeProfitTrader |
|---|---|---|
| 25K | Intraday Trail or Static | EOD trailing |
| 50K | Intraday Trail or Static or S2F EOD | EOD trailing |
| 100K | Intraday Trail or Static or S2F EOD | EOD trailing |
| 150K plus | Multiple lines | EOD trailing |
Why EOD trailing matters
EOD trailing only locks in at the closing balance, which gives intraday volatility room to breathe. Intraday trailing punishes drawdown the moment it appears, even if the position recovers. Traders who scale into positions or hold through chop usually prefer EOD.
Profit Split
DayTraders headlines a 100% profit split on Pro and S2F, with S2L falling to 80%. TakeProfitTrader keeps a uniform 80/20 split, paying 80% of every withdrawal to the trader.
On a 5,000 USD payout the difference is real. DayTraders Pro returns 5,000 USD. TakeProfitTrader returns 4,000 USD. Over a year of consistent withdrawals the gap compounds. The trade off is whether the 100% headline is durable across the product lifecycle.
Profit Target and Evaluation Speed
DayTraders' 50K Trail evaluation targets 2,500 USD. The Static 50K variant targets 3,500 USD. TakeProfitTrader's PRO 50K targets 3,000 USD. The numbers are close enough that pricing and drawdown matter more than the target itself.
Pass speed in practice
Faster evaluations correlate with smaller targets and more lenient consistency rules. DayTraders Trail tends to clear quickly for traders who can survive intraday trailing. TakeProfitTrader's PRO clears at a moderate pace with predictable rules.
Payout Speed and Reliability
DayTraders advertises an average payout approval time around 32 minutes, with delivery in 24 to 48 hours. TakeProfitTrader processes within one to three business days but is widely reported as reliable and on cadence.
Approval speed and delivery speed are not the same metric. A 32 minute approval still has to clear a payment processor and a bank settlement window. Most traders rate TakeProfitTrader's consistency over five years above any single approval clock.
Platform Options
TakeProfitTrader supports NinjaTrader, Tradovate, and Rithmic on every account. DayTraders runs ONYX, a Rithmic connected platform, with NinjaTrader limited on the S2L line.
Why platform coverage matters
- Charting workflow continuity across accounts.
- Indicator and bot compatibility with the existing toolchain.
- Order routing latency and execution feel.
- Cross broker copy trading or strategy mirroring options.
TakeProfitTrader's broader native platform list usually wins for traders already invested in a specific charting setup.
Account Variety and Maximum Funding
DayTraders runs four product lines and offers single account funding up to 300K. TakeProfitTrader runs two main lines with a 150K single account ceiling.
For a scaling trader, the headroom matters. DayTraders gives more vertical room before you hit the single account cap. TakeProfitTrader expects you to use multiple parallel accounts to expand, which is its own valid strategy.
Consistency Rule Complexity
| Firm | Eval consistency | Funded consistency |
|---|---|---|
| DayTraders Trail | 50% eval | 30% funded Pro |
| DayTraders S2F | 50% eval | 20% funded |
| DayTraders S2L | 50% eval | Varies by product |
| TakeProfitTrader PRO | None on most accounts | None on most accounts |
| TakeProfitTrader PRO+ | Light | Light |
TakeProfitTrader's lighter rule set means a single profitable session is less likely to trigger a withheld payout. DayTraders' consistency rules are tighter on the eval side and ease up on funded, which rewards spread out profit days during the evaluation phase.
Rules Simplicity and Cognitive Load
Four product lines at DayTraders means four rule books. Daily loss limits, contract caps, scaling steps, and consistency rules diverge across Pro, S2F, S2L, and Static. TakeProfitTrader keeps its rules close to identical across PRO and PRO+.
This is a real cost in time. New traders pick a firm and learn the rules once. DayTraders requires picking the right product line first, then learning that product's specific rules, and then sticking with it.
Trust Signals and Track Record
| Signal | DayTraders | TakeProfitTrader |
|---|---|---|
| Founded | February 2023 | 2020 |
| Trustpilot rating | 4.5 / 5 | 4.6 / 5 |
| Trustpilot reviews | Around 340 | 2,500 plus |
| Years of payout history | Roughly 3 | More than 5 |
| Public payout proofs | Growing | Extensive |
DayTraders is the newer entrant with a strong start. TakeProfitTrader is the established player with the deeper paper trail. Traders who weigh time on the market heavily lean toward TakeProfitTrader. Traders who weight current promo value lean toward DayTraders.
Copy Trading
TakeProfitTrader explicitly allows virtual copy trading between owned accounts, which suits multi account scaling strategies. DayTraders does not publish a clear policy on copy trading, so the default assumption is that it is not officially supported.
Who Should Pick DayTraders
- Traders chasing the lowest entry cost on promo cycles.
- Traders who want 100% profit split on the Pro or S2F line.
- Traders comfortable juggling four product lines and their distinct rule sets.
- Traders who want a single account cap of 300K instead of 150K.
- Traders who can survive intraday trailing on the Trail line.
Who Should Pick TakeProfitTrader
- Traders who want a five year payout history before committing.
- Traders who prefer EOD trailing across every account.
- Traders who want one simple rule book that applies everywhere.
- Traders already running NinjaTrader or Tradovate as primary platforms.
- Traders who plan to scale through multiple parallel accounts.
Bottom Line
DayTraders wins on price, profit split, and product variety. TakeProfitTrader wins on simplicity, platform coverage, and proven reliability. Neither firm is objectively better. The right choice depends on which trade off you are willing to make. New traders with simple needs usually do better at TakeProfitTrader. Experienced traders who can manage four product lines and survive intraday trailing typically extract more value from DayTraders.
Practical Takeaways for Active Traders
The rule set covered above is the official policy. The day to day reality of trading at DayTraders comes down to a handful of habits that protect the account from avoidable losses and keep payout cycles moving without friction.
Daily routine that protects the account
- Review the previous session's trades against the rule set before opening any new positions.
- Confirm the running drawdown level in the dashboard before the first trade of the day.
- Set a personal daily stop that sits comfortably above the platform enforced daily loss limit.
- Place a calendar reminder for any rule that operates on a 30 day or 60 day cycle.
- Document any payout cycle decisions in a personal trade journal for review at month end.
Weekly maintenance checklist
- Reconcile the platform's running profit total with your own journal.
- Confirm that all open positions match the position size limits for the current phase.
- Check the firm's news feed for any rule updates that may have shipped during the week.
- Plan the trading days for the coming week against any consistency or minimum days rule.
- Audit the percent of total cycle profit that has come from the single biggest day so far.
Common Mistakes To Avoid
Traders who lose accounts at DayTraders usually breach the same handful of rules. The list below captures the patterns that show up most often in community forums and support tickets.
- Ignoring the running drawdown level and pushing position size on a hot streak.
- Trading through tier one economic releases without a buffered stop.
- Concentrating an entire cycle's profit on a single explosive day.
- Skipping the dashboard rule version check after a published policy update.
- Treating the activation fee or other one off costs as optional rather than mandatory.
- Switching strategies mid cycle without re testing the rule fit.
How To Read The Fine Print
Prop firm rule documents are short for a reason. They are written to define the boundaries of acceptable trading, not to teach a strategy. Reading them with the right lens matters.
Three lenses for a clean read
- The breach lens: which sentences describe a trigger that closes the account.
- The payout lens: which sentences describe a trigger that withholds or voids a withdrawal.
- The grandfathering lens: which sentences describe a rule that applies only to legacy accounts.
Reading DayTraders's policy through these three lenses surfaces the rules that actually matter on a day to day basis and pushes the cosmetic clauses to the background where they belong.
Risk Management Habits That Travel Across Firms
The rules at any single prop firm matter, but the habits that keep an account healthy are largely the same everywhere. A trader who builds the right routine at one firm carries it cleanly into the next.
- Fixed risk per trade as a percentage of starting balance rather than as a dollar figure.
- A hard daily stop that locks out trading rather than relying on willpower.
- A weekly review session that scores trades against the original plan.
- A monthly review session that compares actual performance against the firm's payout cadence.
- A quarterly review session that audits whether the firm choice still fits the strategy.
Final Thoughts Before You Commit
The right way to use this guide is as a planning tool, not as a substitute for the firm's published policy. Read the policy version current on the day you sign up. Confirm any numbers that differ from the figures above with DayTraders support before placing a paid evaluation. Then trade with the rule set you have actually verified rather than the one you remembered from a third party article.
Account Sizing and Position Math
Most traders pick the wrong account size on their first DayTraders purchase. The right size is not the cheapest seat or the biggest published balance. It is the size where one standard position from your strategy fits comfortably inside the contract or lot cap with room to scale, and where the payout cadence at that size matches the cash flow you actually need from the account.
Three sizing questions worth answering
- What is the typical position size your strategy opens, in contracts or lots.
- What is the typical hold time, and does it cross any news or session boundary that affects the rule set.
- What is the minimum cash flow you need from the account per month to make the seat worth running.
The smallest account that answers all three questions affirmatively is usually the right starting point. Sizing up after the first successful payout cycle is cheaper than buying too large and burning through the drawdown on day three.
Platform Choice and Execution Quality
Execution quality at DayTraders depends on the platform stack you choose and the order routing path that platform uses. Two traders running the same strategy on the same account size can see different fills if one is on a faster broker bridge or a more responsive charting tool.
- Check the platform's average order acknowledgement time during the typical session you trade.
- Compare slippage on stop orders during the first thirty minutes of the session against your historical baseline.
- Confirm that any indicator or bot in your toolchain runs on the supported platform list without translation.
- Test a small position with the broker bridge before scaling up to full position size.
Building a Long Term Relationship With the Firm
A productive long term relationship with DayTraders comes from boring habits: clean KYC documentation kept up to date, payout requests submitted with complete information, support tickets that are written clearly and reference account IDs accurately, and a willingness to read each new policy update on the day it ships rather than three months later when a rule has already affected a cycle.
The traders who extract the most value from any prop firm are usually the ones who treat the account like a business relationship rather than a slot machine. The firm rewards predictable behaviour with reliable payouts. Predictable behaviour starts with reading the rules, planning the cycle, and trading the plan.
Risk Management Framework for the Account
Every successful trader at DayTraders runs a personal risk management layer on top of the firm's published rules. The firm's rules define the boundary of what is allowed. A personal layer defines the smaller, safer envelope inside that boundary where the account actually trades. The two layers exist for different reasons, and conflating them is the most common reason a profitable strategy still loses an account.
Three personal risk gates worth defining
- A per trade risk cap measured as a percentage of starting balance, typically 0.25 to 0.75 percent for active strategies.
- A per day risk cap measured as the sum of per trade caps, typically 1.5 to 2.5 percent of starting balance.
- A per cycle risk cap measured as the maximum drawdown you accept before pausing trading to review the strategy.
The per trade cap protects against the single bad trade. The per day cap protects against a tilted session. The per cycle cap protects against a strategy that has stopped working and needs a rebuild rather than another trade. All three live inside the firm's enforced limits and trigger earlier so that the firm's hard stops never have to fire.
Position sizing math for the cap
Position size for a given risk cap is the cap divided by the per unit risk on the trade. Per unit risk is the distance from entry to stop in points or pips multiplied by the value per point. A trader who knows the cap in dollars and the per unit risk on the chart can size every trade without thinking about it. A trader who skips this math sizes by feel and discovers the limits of feel during a drawdown.
Payout Cycle Planning
Each payout cycle at DayTraders is a finite project with a start, a target, and a withdrawal. Treating the cycle as a project rather than as an open ended trading period changes the decisions that get made inside it.
The cycle planning template
- Cycle target measured in dollars or as a percent of starting balance.
- Expected number of trading days inside the cycle.
- Daily profit target derived from cycle target divided by expected days.
- Personal risk cap per trade calibrated to the daily target.
- Review point at the halfway mark to check the cycle is on pace.
Planning the cycle in advance means the decisions inside it are made with a cooler head. The trader who knows the daily target before the session starts trades to the plan. The trader who improvises has to make the cycle decision and the trade decision simultaneously, which usually compromises both.
Handling Drawdowns Without Losing the Account
Drawdowns happen at every prop firm including DayTraders. The question is not whether the drawdown will appear but how the trader responds when it does. A clean response keeps the account inside the rules. A panicked response trips a hard stop and ends the cycle.
The drawdown response protocol
- Stop trading for the session once the daily personal stop is hit.
- Review the trades that led to the drawdown the same evening, not the next morning.
- Identify whether the loss came from a rule break, an execution error, or a genuine bad day.
- Resume trading only after the review concludes with a specific corrective action.
- Reduce position size by half on the resumption day to rebuild confidence.
This protocol sounds simple in writing and is hard in practice. The single biggest reason traders lose accounts is the refusal to stop trading after the daily personal stop. The firm's daily loss limit catches the trader who refuses to stop. The personal stop catches the trader who can stop. The difference is the existence of the cycle the next morning.
Account Sizing and Strategy Fit
Pick the smallest DayTraders account size that fits one full position of your strategy comfortably inside the contract or lot cap, with at least one position of additional room for scaling. Sizing up after a clean cycle is cheap. Buying too large and burning through the drawdown on day three is expensive.
Sizing decision checklist
- Typical position size for one full conviction trade in your strategy.
- Maximum scaling factor you would normally use on a high conviction setup.
- Hold time including any session boundary or news event the position crosses.
- Cash flow target per month from the account.
- Time available to trade per week given your schedule.
The intersection of these five answers points to one account size. If two sizes fit equally well, the smaller of the two is usually the right starting point because the upgrade path is cheaper than the downgrade path.
Platform and Tool Choices That Matter
Execution quality at DayTraders depends on the platform stack you choose and the broker bridge that platform routes through. Two traders running the same strategy on the same account can see different fills if one is on a faster bridge or a more responsive charting tool.
- Check average order acknowledgement time during the session you typically trade.
- Compare stop order slippage during the first thirty minutes against your historical baseline.
- Confirm any indicator or bot in your toolchain runs on the supported platform list.
- Test a small position with the broker bridge before scaling to a full position size.
- Document the platform configuration so you can replicate it after any reinstall.
Communication With the Firm's Support
A productive long term relationship with DayTraders starts with the way you write support tickets. Clear, complete, accurate tickets get fast resolutions. Vague tickets get slow responses that frustrate everyone.
Anatomy of a clean support ticket
- Account ID in the subject line.
- Specific question or issue in the first sentence of the body.
- Relevant timestamps in the platform's native timezone with a clear timezone note.
- Screenshots or trade history extracts attached when relevant.
- A clear closing question or request rather than an open ended complaint.
Treating the support channel like a business communication rather than a customer service complaint produces materially better outcomes. The agent on the other side is more likely to escalate a clearly framed issue and less likely to deflect a well written ticket.
Long Term Thinking About Prop Firm Income
Trading at DayTraders as a source of income is a marathon rather than a sprint. The traders who extract the most value over years are the ones who treat the account like a business, plan the cycles, log the trades, and review the strategy on a regular cadence. The traders who treat the account like a slot machine usually lose the seat in the first quarter.
The mindset shift that pays off is simple. The firm pays for predictable behaviour. Predictable behaviour comes from a written plan, a daily routine, and a habit of reading the rules every time they update. Build those habits at the small account and they will travel with you to every larger account and every other firm you ever trade at.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is DayTraders' 100% profit split better than TakeProfitTrader's 80/20?
DayTraders' 100% profit split on Pro and S2F accounts means traders keep every dollar they earn, versus TakeProfitTrader's 80/20 where the firm takes 20% of each payout. Over $50,000 in withdrawals, that's a $10,000 difference. DayTraders' S2L accounts run 80/20, matching TakeProfitTrader's split on that specific product line. For most account paths at DayTraders, the 100% split is objectively more profitable.
Which firm has easier drawdown rules?
TakeProfitTrader has easier drawdown rules. TakeProfitTrader uses EOD trailing drawdown on all accounts, which only updates at market close. DayTraders' Trail accounts use intraday trailing drawdown that adjusts in real time during sessions. DayTraders' Static accounts use fixed drawdown (which is arguably the safest type), but the most popular Trail product is more aggressive than TakeProfitTrader's universal EOD approach.
Does TakeProfitTrader have a consistency rule?
TakeProfitTrader does not enforce a consistency rule on most account types, meaning one outsized winning day won't trigger a violation. DayTraders enforces consistency rules on every product except S2L live accounts: 50% on Trail/Static evaluations, 30% on Pro, 20% on S2F, and 25% on S2L evaluation. TakeProfitTrader's lack of a consistency rule is a significant advantage for traders with lumpy P&L distributions.
Can I use NinjaTrader at both DayTraders and TakeProfitTrader?
TakeProfitTrader supports NinjaTrader on all account types without restrictions. DayTraders supports NinjaTrader through Rithmic connectivity on Trail, Static, S2F, and evaluation accounts, but NinjaTrader is NOT available on DayTraders' S2L live accounts. If NinjaTrader is your primary platform and you want full compatibility across all products, TakeProfitTrader is the better choice.
How does pricing compare between DayTraders and TakeProfitTrader?
DayTraders is significantly cheaper. As of April 2026, DayTraders' Static 25K costs $30 on sale and Trail 25K costs $37, versus TakeProfitTrader's PRO 25K at approximately $150. DayTraders runs near-permanent 80-85% off sales. Both firms charge one-time fees with no monthly subscriptions. The price gap means traders can buy multiple DayTraders evaluations for the cost of one TakeProfitTrader account.
Which firm has been around longer?
TakeProfitTrader has been operating since 2020, making it approximately three years older than DayTraders (founded February 2023). TakeProfitTrader has a 4.6/5 Trustpilot rating with 2,500+ reviews versus DayTraders' 4.5/5 with ~340 reviews. TakeProfitTrader's longer operating history translates to a deeper payout track record and more community evidence of reliability.
Does DayTraders have a withdrawal cap that TakeProfitTrader doesn't?
DayTraders enforces a $150,000 global withdrawal cap across all accounts. Once a trader has withdrawn $150K total, every account is terminated. TakeProfitTrader does not publish a lifetime withdrawal cap. For traders planning to build a long-term prop trading income, TakeProfitTrader's absence of a cap removes a ceiling on potential earnings.
Can I skip the evaluation at either firm?
DayTraders offers S2F (Straight to Funded) accounts that skip evaluation entirely for $222-$495. Traders start trading a funded account immediately with 100% profit split. TakeProfitTrader requires passing an evaluation on all accounts. If skipping the evaluation process is a priority, DayTraders is the only option between these two firms.
Does TakeProfitTrader allow copy trading?
TakeProfitTrader allows virtual copy trading, letting traders replicate positions across multiple funded accounts simultaneously. DayTraders has not confirmed whether copy trading is permitted. For traders who manage multiple accounts and want to execute identical trades across all of them, TakeProfitTrader explicitly supports this workflow.
What's the maximum account size at each firm?
DayTraders offers accounts up to $300K on Trail and S2L Ultra products. TakeProfitTrader maxes out at $150K per account. DayTraders allows up to 5 Pro accounts and 5 S2L accounts simultaneously. For traders who want the largest possible single account size, DayTraders offers double the maximum funding compared to TakeProfitTrader.
Which firm has a faster average payout approval?
DayTraders publishes an average payout approval time of around 32 minutes, which is faster on the clock than TakeProfitTrader's one to three business day window. Approval speed and delivery speed are not the same metric though. TakeProfitTrader's five year track record on consistent on time delivery often outweighs a shorter approval clock for traders who value predictable cash flow more than a fast first response.
Can I run DayTraders and TakeProfitTrader at the same time?
Yes, both firms allow accounts at other prop firms in parallel, and trading the same strategy across both is permitted as long as each firm's individual rules are followed. Watch the consistency rules at DayTraders and the contract caps at TakeProfitTrader separately. Running both can also serve as a payout diversification strategy in case one firm pauses a product line or changes pricing mid cycle.
Does TakeProfitTrader have anything cheaper than DayTraders' Static 25K?
No. DayTraders' Static 25K on sale at around 30 USD undercuts TakeProfitTrader's PRO 25K, which sits closer to 150 USD at retail. TakeProfitTrader runs occasional promotions of its own, but its baseline pricing is built around stability rather than aggressive discount cycles. If raw entry cost is the deciding factor, DayTraders is the lower spend.
Is the 100% profit split at DayTraders durable?
DayTraders has held the 100% split on Pro and S2F as a marketed feature since launch. Prop firm splits do change over time as firms adjust to risk and competitive pressure. Treat the current 100% headline as a real benefit while it lasts, but build your trading economics around a more conservative split assumption so a future policy update does not break your plan.
Which firm has lighter rules for scalpers?
TakeProfitTrader's lighter consistency rule set is friendlier to scalpers who concentrate profit on a smaller number of high frequency sessions. DayTraders' eval phase consistency rule of 50% can pressure scalpers into spreading profit across more days. Funded phase rules at DayTraders ease up, which makes the eval the harder hurdle for scalper style strategies.
